Managing cumulative impacts and protected areas in Antarctica: what can we learn from the rest of the world?

  • Alvaro Soutullo Eastern Region University Centre, University of the Republic, Maldonado, Uruguay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-7878
  • Ana Laura Machado-Gaye Eastern Region University Centre, University of the Republic, Maldonado, Uruguay; and Uruguayan Antarctic Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay
  • Eduardo Juri Uruguayan Antarctic Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay
Keywords: Adaptive management, Ardley Island, ecosystem management, environmental impact assessment, Fildes Peninsula, management plans

Abstract

For more than 20 years Antarctic Treaty Parties have been discussing how to appropriately manage cumulative impacts in the continent. Preventing cumulative impacts requires the fluent exchange of information to enable proper and timely assessment of, and response to, the impacts that result from multiple activities, undertaken by multiple stakeholders and supervised by different Parties. This is a particular challenge for the effective management of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs), as a lack of coordination may potentially put at risk the fulfillment of their conservation objectives. Here we suggest that incorporating lessons learnt from protected areas management elsewhere might improve the effectiveness of ASPAs and provide valuable experiences and insights on how to better manage cumulative impacts in the rest of the continent. Key concepts to incorporate in Antarctica’s environmental management toolbox include (1) the notion of adaptive management, which is a cornerstone of protected areas management effectiveness elsewhere, and (2) the need of empowering protected area managers, which are a key (but often missing) element to ensure local compliance with management plans, co-ordinate on site activities, facilitate exchange of information, promote cooperation and manage conflicts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References


Arts J., Caldwell P. & Morrison-Saunders A. 2001. Environmental impact assessment follow-up: good practice and future directions—findings from a workshop at the IAIA 2000 conference. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 19, 175–185, doi: 10.3152/147154601781767014.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 1991a. Annex to Recommendation XVI-10. Annex V to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Area protection and management. Accessed on the internet at https://documents.ats.aq/recatt/Att004_e.pdf on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 1991b. Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Accessed on the internet at https://documents.ats.aq/keydocs/vol_1/vol1_4_AT_Protocol_on_EP_e.pdf on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 2015. Cumulative Impact Assessment. Information paper IP111 submitted by ASOC. XXXVIII Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Accessed on the internet at https://documents.ats.aq/ATCM38/ip/ATCM38_ip111_e.doc on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 2016. Resolution 1 (2016) Annex. Guidelines for environmental impact assessment in Antarctica. Accessed on the internet at https://documents.ats.aq/recatt/Att605_e.pdf on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 2017. Resolution 1 (2017) Annex A. Guidance for assessing an area for a potential Antarctic Specially Managed Area designation. Accessed on the internet at https://documents.ats.aq/recatt/att625_e.pdf on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 2019. Measure 10 (2019). Deception Island Management Package. Accessed on the internet at https://documents.ats.aq/recatt/att656_e.pdf on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 2021a. Analysis of the use of the Electronic Information Exchange System: uploading of annual reports and other additional considerations. SP 10 submitted by ATS. XLIII Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Accessed on the internet at https://documents.ats.aq/ATCM43/sp/ATCM43_sp010_e.docx on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) 2021b. Antarctic Protected Areas Database. Accessed on the internet at https://www.ats.aq/devph/en/apa-database on 8 December 2021.


ATS (Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty) undated. Northeast beach of Ardley Island. Antarctic Treaty visitor site guide. Accessed on the internet at https://guidelines.ats.aq/GuideLinePDF/7b118862-1b68-4ee9-9ad2-56f2f2e454b7/31_Ardley_2019_e.pdf 8 December 2021.


Barrow C.J. 2006. Environmental management for sustainable development. 2nd edn. New York: Routledge.


Braun C., Mustafa O., Nordt A., Pfeiffer S. & Peter H.-U. 2012. Environmental monitoring and management proposals for the Fildes Region, King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Research 31, article no. 18206, doi: 10.3402/polar.v31i0.18206.


Brooks S.T., Jabour J., van den Hoff J. & Bergstrom D.M. 2019. Our footprint on Antarctica competes with nature for rare ice-free land. Nature Sustainability 2, 185–190, doi: 10.1038/s41893-019-0237-y.


Coad L., Leverington F., Knights K., Geldmann J., Eassom A., Kapos V., Kingston N., de Lima M., Zamora C., Cuardros I., Nolte C., Burgess N.D. & Hockings M. 2015. Measuring impact of protected area management interventions: current and future use of the Global Database of Protected Area Management Effectiveness. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 370, article no. 20140281, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0281.


Convey P. 2020. The price of cumulative human activities in the Antarctic. Antarctic Science 32, 425–425, doi: 10.1017/S0954102020000577.


DeFries R. & Nagendra H. 2017. Ecosystem management as a wicked problem. Science 356, 265–270, doi: 10.1126/science.aal1950.


Gao Y., Li R., Gao H., Hou C., Jin S., Ye J. & Na G. 2021. Spatial distribution of cumulative impact on terrestrial ecosystem of the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, Journal of Environmental Management 279, article no. 111735, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111735.


Geldmann J., Manica A., Burgess N.D., Coad L. & Balmford A. 2019. A global-level assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas at resisting anthropogenic pressures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 23209–23215, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1908221116.


Holling C.S. 1978. Adaptive environmental assessment and management. 1st edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons.


Hughes K.A. & Grant S.M. 2018. Current logistical capacity is sufficient to deliver the implementation and management of a representative Antarctic protected area system. Polar Research 37, article no. 1521686, doi: 10.1080/17518369.2018.1521686.


Kawa N.C., Arceño M.A., Goeckner R. Hunter C.E., Rhue S.J., Scaggs S.A., Biwer M.E., Downey S.S., Field J.S., Gremillion K., McCorriston J., Willow A., Newton E. & Moritz M. 2021. Training wicked scientists for a world of wicked problems. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 8, article no. 189, 1–4. doi: 10.1057/s41599-021-00871-1.


Lockwood M., Worboys G. & Kothari A. 2006. Managing protected areas. A global guide. 1st edn. London: Routledge.


Marshall R., Arts J. & Morrison-Saunders J. 2005. International principles for best practice EIA follow-up. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 23, 175–181, doi: 10.3152/147154605781765490.


Muñoz Brenes C.L., Jones K.W., Schlesinger P., Robalino J. & Vierling L. 2018. The impact of protected area governance and management capacity on ecosystem function in Central America. PLoS One 13, e0205964, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205964.


Pertierra L.R. & Hughes K.A. 2013. Management of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas: permitting, visitation and information exchange practices. Antarctic Science 25, 553–564. doi: 10.1017/S0954102012001204.


Pertierra L.R., Hughes K.A., Vega G.C. & Olalla-Tárraga M.Á. 2017. High resolution spatial mapping of human footprint across Antarctica and its implications for the strategic conservation of avifauna. PLoS One 12, e0168280, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168280.


Roura R.M. & Hemmings A.D. 2011. Realising strategic environmental assessment in Antarctica. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 13, 483–514, doi: 10.1142/S1464333211003973.


Soutullo A. & Rios M. 2020. Sustainable tourism in natural protected areas as a benchmark for Antarctic tourism. Antarctic Affairs 7, 45–52.


Westgate M.J., Likens G.E. & Lindenmayer D.B. 2013. Adaptive management of biological systems: a review. Biological Conservation 158, 128–139, doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.016.


Williams B.K. & Brown E.D. 2014. Adaptive management: from more talk to real action. Environmental Management 53, 465–479, doi: 10.1007/s00267-013-0205-7.
Published
2022-06-20
How to Cite
Soutullo A., Machado-Gaye A. L., & Juri E. (2022). Managing cumulative impacts and protected areas in Antarctica: what can we learn from the rest of the world?. Polar Research, 41. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.8432
Section
Perspectives