The Troll Observing Network (TONe): A contribution to improving observations in the data-sparse region of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

  • Christina A. Pedersen Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Birgit Njåstad Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Wenche Aas NILU, Kjeller, Norway
  • Elin Darelius Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • Sébastien Descamps Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Stig Flått Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Tore Hattermann Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Stephen R. Hudson Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Wojciech J. Miloch Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • Simen Rykkje Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Johannes Schweitzer NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway
  • Rune Storvold NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Tromsø, Norway
  • Stein Tronstad Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
Keywords: Research infrastructure, access to data, international collaboration, atmosphere, solid Earth, marine–cryosphere interaction

Abstract

Understanding how Antarctica is changing and how these changes influence the rest of the Earth is fundamental to the future robustness of human society. Strengthening our understanding of these changes and their implications requires dedicated, sustained and coordinated observations of key Antarctic indicators. The Troll Observing Network (TONe), now under development, is Norway’s contribution to the global need for sustained, coordinated, complementary and societally relevant observations from Antarctica. When fully implemented within the coming three years, TONe will be a state-of-the-art, multi-platform, multi-disciplinary observing network in data-sparse Dronning Maud Land. A critical part of the network is a data management system that will ensure broad, free access to all TONe data to the international research community.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References


Alfonsi L., Bergeot N., Cilliers P., De Franceschi G., Baddeley L., Correia E., Di Mauro D., Enell C.-F., Engebretson M., Ghoddousi-Fard R., Häggström I., Ham Y.-B., Heygster G., Jee G., Kero A., Kosch M., Kwon H.-J., Lee C., Lotz S., Macotela L., Marcucci MF., Miloch W.J., Morton Y.J., Naoi T., Negusini M., Partamies N., Petkov B.H., Pottiaux E., Prikryl P., Shreedevi P.R., Slapak R., Spogli L., Stephenson J., Triana-Gómez A.M., Troshichev O.A., Van Malderen R., Weygand J.M. & Zou S. 2022. Review of environmental monitoring by means of radio waves in the polar regions: from atmosphere to geospace. Surveys in Geophysics 43, 1609–1698, doi: 10.1007/s10712-022-09734-z.


Black C., Collen B., Lunn D., Filby D., Winnard S. & Hart T. 2018. Time-lapse cameras reveal latitude and season influence breeding phenology durations in penguins. Ecology and Evolution 8, 8286–8296, doi: 10.1002/ece3.4160.


Bennartz R., Shupe M.D., Turner D.D., Walden V.P., Steffen K., Cox C.J., Kulie M.S., Miller N.B. & Pettersen C. 2013. July 2012 Greenland melt extent enhanced by low-level liquid clouds. Nature 496, 83–86, doi: 10.1038/nature12002.


Bothmer V. & Daglis I.A. 2007. Space weather—physics and effects. New York: Springer.


Chown S.L., Leihy R.I., Naish T.R., Brooks C.M., Convey P., Henley B.J., Mackintosh A.N., Phillips L.M., Kennicutt M.C. II & Grant S.M. 2022. Antarctic climate change and the environment: a decadal synopsis and recommendations for action. Cambridge: Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.


COMNAP 2017. Antarctic station catalogue. Christchurch: Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs.


Descamps S., Hudson S., Sulich J., Wakefield E., Grémillet D., Carravieri A., Orskaug S. & Steen H. 2023. Extreme snowstorms lead to large-scale seabird breeding failures in Antarctica. Current Biology 33, R176–R177, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.055.


Descamps S., Tarroux A., Lorentsen S.-H., Love O.P., Varpe Ø. & Yoccoz N.G. 2015. Large-scale oceanographic fluctuations drive Antarctic petrel survival and reproduction. Ecography 39, 496–505, doi: 10.1111/ecog.01659.


Díaz S., Settele J., E.S. Brondízio E.S., Ngo H.T., Guèze M., Agard J., Arneth A., Balvanera P., Brauman K.A., Butchart S.H.M., Chan K.M.A., Garibaldi L.A., Ichii K., Liu J., Subramanian S.M., Midgley G.F., Miloslavich P., Molnár Z., Obura D., Pfaff A., Polasky S., Purvis A., Razzaque J., Reyers B., Roy Chowdhury R., Shin Y.J., Visseren-Hamakers I.J., Willis K.J. & Zayas C.N. (eds.) 2019. The global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Summary for policymakers. Bonn: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Secretariat.


Foldvik A., Gammelsrød T. & Tørresen T. 1985. Physical oceanography studies in the Weddell Sea during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1978/79. Polar Research 3, 195–207, doi: 10.1111/j.1751-8369.1985.tb00507.x.


Gutt J., Arndt S., Barnes D.K.A., Bornemann H., Brey T., Eisen O., Flores H., Griffiths H., Haas C., Hain S., Hattermann T., Held C., Hoppema M., Isla E., Janout M., Le Bohec C., Link H., Mark F.C., Moreau S., Trimborn S., van Opzeeland I., Pörtner H.-O., Schaafsma F., Teschke K., Tippenhauer S., Van de Putte A., Wege M., Zitterbart D. & Piepenburg D. 2022. Reviews and syntheses: a framework to observe, understand and project ecosystem response to environmental change in the East Antarctic Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences 19, 5313–5342, doi: 10.5194/bg-19-5313-2022.


Hattermann T. 2018. Antarctic thermocline dynamics along a narrow shelf with easterly winds. Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, 2419–2443, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-18-0064.1.


Hattermann T., Nicholls K.W., Hellmer H.H., Davis P.E.D., Janout M.A., Østerhus S., Schlosser E., Rohardt G. & Kanzow T. 2021. Observed interannual changes beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation. Nature Communications 12, article no. 2961, doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23131-x.


Hattermann T., Nøst O.A., Lilly J.M. & Smedsrud L.H. 2012. Two years of oceanic observations below the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters Oceans 39, L12605, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051012.


Hayes M.C., Gray P.C., Harris G., Sedgwick W.C., Crawford V.D., Chazal N., Crofts S. & Johnston D.W. 2021. Drones and deep learning produce accurate and efficient monitoring of large-scale seabird colonies. Ornithological Applications 123, duab022, doi: 10.1093/ornithapp/duab022.


Herraiz-Borreguero L., Allison I., Craven M., Nicholls K.W. & Rosenberg M.A. 2013. Ice shelf/ocean interactions under the Amery Ice Shelf: seasonal variability and its effect on marine ice formation. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 118, 7117–7131, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009158.


Hinke J.T., Barbosa A., Emmerson L.M., Hart T., Juáres M.A., Korczak-Abshire M., Milinevsky G., Santos M., Trathan P.N. & Watters G.M. 2018. Estimating nest-level phenology and reproductive success of colonial seabirds using time-lapse cameras. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, 1853–1863, doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.13015.


Jin Y., Spicher A., Xiong C., Clausen L.B.N., Kervalishvili G., Stolle C. & Miloch W.J. 2019. Ionospheric plasma irregularities characterized by the Swarm satellites: statistics at high latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research—Space Physics 124, 162–1282, doi: 10.1029/2018JA026063.


Kallenborn R., Breivik K., Eckhardt S., Lunder C.R., Manø S., Schlabach M. & Stohl A. 2013. Long-term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the Norwegian Troll Station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, 6983–6992, doi: 10.5194/acp-13-6983-2013.


Kauko H., Rohde D., Knudsen B.R. & Sund-Olsen T. 2020. Potential of thermal energy storage for a district heating system utilizing industrial waste heat. Energies 13, article no. 3923, doi: 10.3390/en13153923.


Lauber J., Hattermann T., de Steur L., Darelius E., Auger M., Nøst O.A. & Moholdt G. 2023. Warming beneath an East Antarctic ice shelf due to increased subpolar westerlies and reduced sea ice. Nature Geoscience 16, 877–885, doi: 10.1038/s41561-023-01273-5.


Lindbäck K., Darelius E., Moholdt G., Vaňková I., Hattermann T., Lauber J. & de Steur L. 2023. Basal melting and oceanic observations beneath Fimbulisen, East Antarctica. Unreviewed preprint. ESS Open Archive, 27 December, doi: 10.22541/essoar.170365303.33631810/v1.


Mac Ayeal D.R. 1984. Thermohaline circulation below the Ross Ice Shelf—a consequence of tidally induced vertical mixing and basal melting. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 89, 597–606, doi: 10.1029/JC089iC01p00597.


Makinson K. 1994. BAS hot water drilling on Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research Special Issue 49, 192–202.


Moreau S., Boyd P.W. & Strutton P.G. 2020. Remote assessment of the fate of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean sea-ice zone. Nature Communication 11, article no. 3108, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16931-0.


Moreau S., Hattermann T., de Steur L., Kauko H.M., Ahonen H., Ardelan M., Assmy P., Chierici M., Descamps S., Dinter T., Falkenhaug T., Fransson A., Grønningsæter E., Hallfredsson E.H., Huhn O., Lebrun A., Lowther A., Lübcker N., Monteiro P., Peeken I., Roychoudhury A., Różańska M., Ryan-Keogh T., Sanchez N., Singh A., Simonsen J.H., Steiger N., Thomalla S., van Tonder A., Wiktor J.M. & Steen H. 2023. Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre. Nature Communication 14, article no. 1303, doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1.


Nicholls K.W., Østerhus S., Makinson K., Gammelsrød T. & Fahrbach E. 2009. Ice–ocean processes over the continental shelf of the southern Weddell Sea. Antarctica: a review. Review of Geophysical Research 47, RG3003, doi: 10.1029/2007RG000250.


Nøst O.A., Biuw M., Tverberg V., Lydersen C., Hattermann T., Zhou Q., Smedsrud L.H. & Kovacs K.M. 2011. Eddy overturning of the Antarctic Slope Front controls glacial melting in the eastern Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 116, C11014, doi: 10.1029/2011JC006965.


Paih N.L., Hattermann T., Boebel O., Kanzow T., Lüpkes C., Rohardt G., Strass V. & Herbette S. 2020. Coherent seasonal acceleration of the Weddell Sea boundary current system driven by upstream winds. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 125, e2020JC016316, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016316.


Piatt J.F., Sydeman W.J. & Wiese F. 2007. Introduction: a modern role for seabirds as indicators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 352, 199–204, doi: 10.3354/meps07070.


Reinisch B.W., Galkin I.A., Khmyrov G.M., Kozlov A.V., Bibl K., Lisysyan I.A., Cheney G.P., Huang X., Kitrosser D.F., Paznukhov V.V., Luo Y., Jones W., Stelmash S., Hamel R. & Grochmal J. 2009. New digisonde for research and monitoring applications. Radio Science 44, RS0A24, doi: 10.1029/2008RS004115.


Richter S., Gerum R.C., Schneider W., Fabry B., Le Bohec C. & Zitterbart D.P. 2018. A remote-controlled observatory for behavioural and ecological research: a case study on emperor penguins. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, 1168–1178, doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12971.


Sato N., Kadokura A., Motoba T., Hosokawa K., Björnsson G. & Saemundsson T. 2015. Interhemispheric symmetries and asymmetries of aurora from ground-based conjugate observations. In Y. Zhang & L.J. Paxton (eds.): Auroral dynamics and space weather. Pp. 145–161. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union/Wiley.


Schweitzer J., Fyen J., Mykkeltveit S., Gibbons S.J., Pirli M., Kühn D. & Kværna T. 2012. Seismic arrays. In P. Bormann (ed.): New manual of seismological observatory practice 2 (NMSOP-2). Pp. 1–80. Potsdam: German Research Centre for Geosciences.


Schweitzer J., Pirli M., Roth M. & Kværna T. 2014. Troll: a new, very broadband seismic station in Antarctica. Seismological Research Letter 85, 852–862, doi: 10.1785/0220130223.


Shukla P.R., Skea J., Reisinger A., Slade R., Fradera R., Pathak M., Al Khourdajie A., Belkacemi M., van Diemen R., Hasija A., Lisboa G., Luz S., Malley J., McCollum D., Some S. & Vyas P. (eds.). 2022. Summary for policymakers. In P.R. Shukla et al. (eds.): Climate change 2022: mitigation of climate change. Contribution of Working Group III to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Pp. 1–48. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Skjæveland A.H., Kotova D.S. & Miloch W.J. 2021. Case studies of ionospheric plasma irregularities over Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research—Space Physics 126, e2021JA029963, doi: 10.1029/2021JA029963.


Southwell C. & Emmerson L. 2015. Remotely-operating camera network expands Antarctic seabird observations of key breeding parameters for ecosystem monitoring and management. Journal for Nature Conservation 23, 1–8, doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2014.11.002.


Stevens C., Hulbe C., Brewer M., Stewart C., Robinson N., Ohneiser C. & Jendersie S. 2020. Ocean mixing and heat transport processes observed under the Ross Ice Shelf control its basal melting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117, 16799–16804, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910760117.


Thompson A.F., Stewart A.L., Spence P. & Heywood K.J. 2018. The Antarctic Slope Current in a changing climate. Reviews of Geophysics 56, 741–770, doi: 10.1029/2018RG000624.


Tsagouri I., Belehaki A., Themens D.R., Jakowski N., Fuller-Rowell T., Hoque M.M., Nykiel G., Miloch W.J., Borries C., Morozova A., Barata T., Engelke W. & Shim J.-S. in press. Ionosphere variability I: advances in observational, monitoring and detection capabilities. Advances in Space Research, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2023.07.024.


Tsagouri I., Themens D.R., Belehaki A., Shim J.-S., Hoque M.-M., Nykiel G., Borries C., Morozova A., Barata T. & Miloch W.J. in press. Ionosphere variability II: advances in theory and modeling. Advances in Space Research, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2023.07.056.


Tuia D., Kellenberger B., Beery S., Costelloe B.R., Zuffi S., Risse B., Mathis A., Mathis M.W., van Langevelde F. & Burghardt T. 2022. Perspectives in machine learning for wildlife conservation. Nature Communications 13, article no. 792, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-27980-y.


Vaňková I. & Nicholls K.W. 2022. Ocean variability beneath the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf inferred from basal melt rate time series. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 127, e2022JC018879, doi: 10.1029/2022JC018879.


Vernet M., Geibert W., Hoppema M., Brown P.J., Haas C., Hellmer H.H., Jokat W., Jullion L., Mazloff M., Bakker D.C.E., Brearley J.A., Croot P., Hattermann T., Hauck J., Hillenbrand C.-D., Hoppe C.J.M., Huhn O., Koch B.P., Lechtenfeld O.J., Meredith M.P., Naveira Garabato A.C., Nöthig E.-M., Peeken I., Rutgers van der Loeff M.M., Schmidtko S., Schröder M., Strass V.H., Torres-Valdés S. & Verdy A. 2019. The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges. Reviews of Geophysics 57, 623–708, doi: 10.1029/2018RG000604.


Wilkinson M.D., Dumontier M., Aalbersberg I.J., Appleton G., Axton M., Baak A., Blomberg N., Boiten J.W., da Silva Santos L.B., Bourne P.E., Bouwman J., Brookes A.J., Clark T., Crosas M., Dillo I., Dumon O., Edmunds S., Evelo C.T., Finkers R., Gonzalez-Beltran A., Gray A.J., Groth P., Goble C., Grethe J.S., Heringa J., ‘t Hoen P.A., Hooft R., Kuhn T., Kok R., Kok J., Lusher S.J., Martone M.E., Mons A., Packer A.L., Persson B., Rocca-Serra P., Roos M., van Schaik R., Sansone S.A., Schultes E., Sengstag T., Slater T., Strawn G., Swertz M.A., Thompson M., van der Lei J., van Mulligen E., Velterop J., Waagmeester A., Wittenburg P., Wolstencroft K., Zhao J. & Mons B. 2016. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific Data 3, article no. 160018, doi: 10.1038/sdata.2016.18.


Zhou Q., Hattermann T., Nøst O.A., Biuw M., Kovacs K.M. & Lydersen C. 2014. Wind-driven spreading of fresh surface water beneath ice shelves in the eastern Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 119, 3818–3833, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009556.
Published
2024-05-06
How to Cite
Pedersen C. A., Njåstad B., Aas W., Darelius E., Descamps S., Flått S., Hattermann T., Hudson S. R., Miloch W. J., Rykkje S., Schweitzer J., Storvold R., & Tronstad S. (2024). The Troll Observing Network (TONe): A contribution to improving observations in the data-sparse region of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Polar Research, 43. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v43.10370
Section
Perspectives