Relative importance of nanoflagellate grazing and viral lysis for the mortality of heterotrophic bacteria and Synechococcus spp. in a high-latitude fjord (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) during the summer

  • Madeline Olivia Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; and Doctoral Degree Program in Ocean Resource and Environmental Changes, College of Marine Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
  • Ruei-Feng Shiu Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Ocean Resource and Environmental Changes, College of Marine Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
  • Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; and Doctoral Degree Program in Ocean Resource and Environmental Changes, College of Marine Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
  • Chia-Mei Chang Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
  • Clara Natalie Annabel Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
  • Chuen-Fa Ni Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
  • Hwa Chien Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
  • Slawomir Jack Giletycz Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
  • An-Yi Tsai Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; 2Doctoral Degree Program in Ocean Resource and Environmental Changes, College of Marine Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; 3Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v44.11295
Keywords: Svalbard fjords, microbial mortality, carbon cycling, nitrogen cycling, microbial loop, polar microbial ecology

Abstract

Viral lysis and grazing play crucial but distinct roles in microbial community dynamics and carbon cycling. Yet, their relative influence on the abundance of heterotrophic bacterial and picophytoplankton populations, especially in Arctic fjords, remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted modified dilution experiments in Adventfjorden, Svalbard, to quantify microbial growth, grazing pressure and virus-induced mortality. Our results showed that the abundance of virus-like particles (VLP) ranged between 1.4 and 8.9 × 106 viruses ml−1, with a negative correlation to salinity. This suggests that freshwater inputs, such as meltwater, could contribute to higher VLP abundance in these waters. The VLP-to-bacteria ratio varied between 9.8 and 700.9, with a large variation below a salinity of 28 PSU and an inverse correlation with salinity. Grazing, primarily by nanoflagellates, emerged as the dominant factor in reducing heterotrophic bacterial and Synechococcus spp. populations, accounting for 12–55% and 20–110% of their production losses, respectively. This study was conducted in summer, when meltwater discharges entered coastal waters in Svalbard fjords at an extremely high rate, providing an opportunity to study microbial processes under projected future warming conditions.

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Published
2025-11-18
How to Cite
Olivia , M., Shiu , R.-F., Wei-Yi Chen , P., Chang , C.-M., Annabel , C. N., Ni , C.-F., Chien , H., Giletycz , S. J., & Tsai , A.-Y. (2025). Relative importance of nanoflagellate grazing and viral lysis for the mortality of heterotrophic bacteria and <em>Synechococcus</em&gt; spp. in a high-latitude fjord (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) during the summer. Polar Research, 44. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v44.11295
Issue
Vol. 44 (2025)
Section
Research Articles
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