Pollen analysis of faeces as a method of demonstrating seasonal variations in the diet of Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)

Abstract

Analysis of the pollen and spore content of 40 fresh samples of faeces collected from Svalbard reindeer during 1994/5 and 1996 shows variations among and within seasons, with distinct species/pollen types dominating each season. Winter samples were characterized by high amounts of Salix and moss spores, while spring samples contained decreasing amounts of the plants grazed in winter and increasing values of species grazed in summer, such as Oxyria digyna and Pedicualaris spp. Summer samples had a large quantity of pollen and a great number of pollen types. Autumn samples indicated that grasses are the most important forage species in this period. The seasonally varying proportions of pollen types are related to such factors as plant phenology, abudance, palatability and nutritional quality, as well as the prefereence of reindeers for grazing in low, wet areas in the summer but on higher, wind-blown ridges during the winter. The results mostly confirm other studies of Svalbard reindeer diet and grazing behavior. The advantages and limitations of the pollen analysis method for such investigations are discussed.